![]() ![]() The psychobiological basis of shamanism creates structures that provide an ethnological analogy for cultural interpretation and reconstruction. Shamanic ritual alterations of consciousness provide mechanisms for cognitive, personal and social integration. The entoptic phenomenon usually happens in the first stage, whereas the images in the third stage include both iconic hallucinations (anthropomorphic. However, it is important to always remember that subjective descriptions of these phenomena are notoriously inexact. ![]() Representational and psychointegrative aspects of shamanic practice made it an adaptive mechanism for healing. Entoptic imagery has been used to demonstrate the position of an opacity in the eye, measure the size of the foveal avascular zone, estimate leukocyte velocity, and the subjectively detect scotomas. These metaphoric cross-modal integrations of representations from innate modules of the brain produced fundamental forms of trope (metaphor) underlying analogical representation and provided a basis for cognitive evolution. These cross-modal integrations are manifested in: animism (self and mind attributed to nature) totemism (natural world categories attributed to social others) and the guardian spirit complex (natural world categories attributed to self and mind). The cross-modal integration of these innate processing modules for knowledge about mind, social relations (self/others), and the animal world provided a basis for metaphoric predications and analogical representations found in shamanism. These universals reflect operations of basic brain structures, or innate modules, for processing specialized information about self, mind, others and nature. The snow you see may be colorful, black-and-white or transparent. There are flickering dots throughout your field of vision. Some describe it as seeing things in a snow globe that's been shaken up. This psychobiological basis is manifested in cross-cultural similarities in shamans' visionary experience, soul journey, guardian spirit relations, healing practices, and self-transformation experiences such as death and rebirth. Overview What is visual snow syndrome Visual snow syndrome is a disorder that causes you to see static. Shamanism is found cross-culturally in hunter-gatherer societies, constituting an etic phenomenon and an ecological adaptation to human psychobiology. ![]()
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